Anglican Vestments Can Be Confusing
I knew almost nothing about Anglican vestments when I first visited an Anglican church. My only experience of robes was graduations—and that one time my dad wore a hilarious robe with colorful puffies glued onto it by a friend, as a joke.
(You can read more about my [Greg’s] Anglican journey here.)
You walk into an Anglican church and you see some ministers wearing white robes of some sort, with colorful scarf-like things around their necks, and some are diagonal. A few lay people are wearing robes, and so is the choir.
Sometimes you’ll see brightly colored material over the top of the white robes.
Or you might be likely to see only the priest vested but not the other servers or the musicians. In some places, you might see just the scarf-y thing without the white robes.
And after a few months, you notice that the colors are changing over the course of something called the church year… what’s up with all of this?
So, like many of you, I was not sure why the robes, and I definitely wasn’t sure what they were for, and what to call them.
But now I do know something about Anglican vestments, having worn them myself for almost 10 years. (Not continuously or every day. Mostly just on Sundays! So, I’ll tell you about the vestments. Not all about them—that would be boring and, quite frankly, I’m not an expert—but just the basics that you can visibly see.
(To learn much more about Anglicanism, read our introduction to Anglicanism, Simply Anglican by Winfield Bevins!)
Anglican Vestments: The Basic Idea
The basic idea of Anglican vestments is to symbolize order, office, and role or function.
This is true of any uniform that we use in society. They are not supposed to be used for personal expression, but are supposed to be uniform within certain sacred design patterns. (That is, they aren’t supposed to have personalized messages, political messages/symbols, sports or patriotic related colors/symbols, or iron-on pictures of my children, etc).
White Overgarment: Cassock-Alb or Surplice
White robes have long signified the righteousness of Christ, worn as a garment.
Wearing a white robe means that I’m not serving because I’m a great guy. I’m serving because Jesus loves me and you—and he covers me with his righteousness.
The two principal white vestments are the Cassock-Alb or the Surplice.
The Cassock-Alb is a single garment. The Surplice is always worn over a cassock (see next).
Cassock-alb
Black cassock and white surplice
Black Garment: Cassock
Black robes are really/technically not vestments. The black Cassock (the one that looks like Neo’s outfit in the Matrix) was just the priest’s street clothes back in the day. The cassock is worn under a white surplice.
Now, sometimes you’ll see a purple or red cassock. These are used in the same way as the black cassock. Often they are associated with the colors of the cathedral church or the Bishop’s canons (assisting people).
Eucharistic Vesture: Chasuble or Dalmatic
Some of you will see a priest wearing a Chasuble. This is a large piece of material, cut round or diamond shape, with an opening in the middle. This is worn during eucharistic services.
Chasuble
(To learn more about the structure and parts of Holy Communion, AKA the Eucharist, go here.)
The deacon will wear a similar vestment called the Dalmatic. Under this is the white alb.
Dalmatic
Generally, a church either really loves these vestments, and uses them all the time, or doesn’t use them at all. Not much of an in-between there.
Scarves: Stole or Tippet
Stoles are signs of order and office. The Priest’s Stole hangs vertically over each shoulder. The Deacon’s Stole hangs diagonally from the left shoulder and then is secured at the right side.
Cassock, surplice, and priest’s stole
Cassock-alb and deacon’s stole
Note that a black Tippet is not a stole. A deacon or priest will wear these for non-eucharistic offices at times, or when not serving at the altar in a particular service.
Lay ministers, readers, or choir members will sometimes wear a Cassock-Alb or Cassock and Surplice with no stole (some customs include a blue reader’s “scarf” which isn’t considered a stole).
Belt: Cinctures
The Cincture is a belt for an Alb or a Cassock. These come in band or rope varieties.
Liturgical Colors
The colors of the stoles, as well as the Chasuble and Dalmatic, change based on the seasons of the church year. Basically like this:
- Purple or Blue – Advent
- Purple – Lent
- White – Christmas and Easter, Major Feast Days, Weddings and Funerals
- Green – the Seasons after the Epiphany and after Pentecost
- Red – the Day of Pentecost, Saints’ Days, Confirmations, and Ordinations
Frequently Asked Questions about Anglican Vestments
Anglican deacons can wear either a cassock and surplice/alb or a cassock-alb; a cincture; a tippet (if not leading Eucharist) or a deacon’s stole (if at Eucharist); and a dalmatic.
Anglican priests can wear either a cassock and surplice/alb or a cassock-alb; a cincture; a tippet (if not leading Eucharist) or a priest’s stole (if at Eucharist); and a chasuble.
Anglican bishops can wear a purple cassock; rochet; chimere; tippet or stole; cope; mitre; and pectoral cross.
I hope this brief guide to Anglican Vestments answers your basic questions. If not, please comment below!
Note: I’m using Almy’s photos here, but this post is not sponsored by them and we receive no benefit from the link.
LOVED the official shoe of Anglican clergy everywhere! Thanks for this informative article. I really enjoy this blog.
Lisa, thanks for reading and commenting. Glad this was helpful. Now I need to go out and purchase that priest shoe myself.
The one thing I would add is that white was always traditional color for ordinations and is still so in the Roman Tradition. As Bishop Peter Beckwith ( Assisitng Bishop of the Great Lakes Diocese and former Episcopal Bishop of Springfield, IL) told me as we were preparing for my ordination, Red is the nouveau color for ordinations. It was white because it followed the sense of purity that accompanied baptism, weddings, burial. Just thought I would add that.
Thank you Fr. Eliot. That’s a helpful note.
Re white replaced by red, that has happened to Pentecost too; it was White Sunday (Whitsun) once.
Thanks for the interesting article. I did learn a lot of this stuff as a catechumen, but having a little refresher article was nice.
Thanks!
you mentioned Red for comfirmation but i mostly see an Off White being used .
I commented earlier on this. Red is the nouveau color for ordinations and confirmations; however, it is not the traditional color. White is the color for baptism, confirmation, ordinations, weddings, funerals. It has to do with purity. People have started to use red because it is associated with the Holy Spirit, but can you imagine using red at a baptism or wedding, or a funeral? No one would do that. We should really be consistent and use white.
I am a first year ordinand, brought up in the no vestments type of church. Now I amhaving a fresh look at them and their significance. So it’s helpful to know what they’re called! T
thank you.
I saw in some Church of England worships, that priests wear cope instead of chasuble or tippet. I would like to ask: when to wear cope and when to wear tippet (not only in CofE)?
I am a bishop’s chaplain and and this makes me very keen in Anglican liturgy. The only thing that bar the priest from wearing a cope is what is in the mindset that it is the bishop’s vestment. Otherwise it can be used anytime by a priest in place of the chasuble. It is a winter vestment meant to keep the bishop warm during the service. Priests can only keep a way from chameer and crotchet, miter, zucheto, episcopal ring and crozier which are reserved for bishops.
I have a sister being ordained on 12/02/2017; I would like to make the stole she will wear for the ordination (as a surprise) – is there a specific color and design?
Hi Maura! Ordination stoles are usually red. As for the design, is she getting ordained as a deacon? Or as a priest? Also, this website looks helpful, as far as sewing patterns go: Ecclesiastical Sewing.
Well, it’s the first step, so I believe it must be deacon.. I’ll have to double check on that though. I know it’s her first ordination, and she took all the exams earlier this summer.. Does that help?
Maura – Your sister is what is known as a Transitional Deacon. There are two types of Deacons. A Transitional Deacon is on who in in the process of becoming a Priest. They must be ordained as a Deacon first and serve as a Deacon for 6 months, then they can be ordained as a Priest. The other type of Deacon is a Vocational Deacon. These Deacons are permanent Deacons. In other words, they are not in the process of becoming a Priest. The want to remain Deacons permanently and most often, they have secular jobs outside of their ministry as Deacons.
A priest. She will only be a deacon until June
OK, I ask because the design for the stole would differ depending on whether the ordination is for becoming a deacon or a priest. The deacon stole is the one worn over one shoulder and — although I don’t know much about sewing — I’m assuming it would be a bit more difficult to make. The priest stole, however, is worn over both shoulders.
Dear Maura and Joshua,
Ordination stoles are red but people being made deacons and priests should wear black cassock, surplice and black preaching scarf(stole), This is the Anglican tradition though other diocese may be doing it differently because of autonomy.
Fr. Goebel –
While I’m sure that it was an unintentional oversight, when you were talking about lay persons vestments, you forgot to mention the vestments worn by Vergers. While the vestments worn by vergers differs greatly from church to church, the basic standard is a black cassock with a Vergers Gown worn over top of the cassock. Additionally, most Vergers wear a Pectoral Cross (either a crucifix or a plain cross). Also, while not a vestment per se, Vergers carry a Virge when leading a procession into the church as a symbol of their office.
Michael Daigle
Secretary
Vergers Guild of the Anglican Church in North America
You omitted the cope as well as the bishop’s mitre, crozier, as well as rochet and chimere–the latter is getting a bit in the esoteric area that most visitors or even laity for that matter. How about a follow-up article at the various meanings that have been attached to the vestments–such as the traditional spiritual significance of the Eucharistic vestments (e.g., alb representing the baptismal garment of white) and even bands: t
the two tablets of the law, and/or Law and Gospel, etc.
The basic information presented is good, but practices have varied and still vary a lot. For example, the colors associated with seasons and occasions have a lot to do with nineteenth-century Roman Catholic rules and the development of church supply businesses. Among Anglicans, there has been more variation. Gold was often used for “high” days, and dark blue was often used at more somber times. Off-white course materials were sometimes used in Lent. Black (or violet) was the common color for adult funerals, and white was for the funerals of children. Furthermore, historically from 1552/1559 until after 1850, most Anglican priests just wore black cassock, surplice and black scarf or tippet for all services.
Aw, that’s just an “ordinary” shoe.
Thank u so much for your explicit info. It helped me a lot about Anglican vestments, especially the cope.
Many old priests take wearing a cope to be for the ” seniors” priests only. Im happy to know about it.
I hope to share this info with my” senior priests.
Thank you so much !! But in province of Rwanda I can see that priest use to wearing only black stole and other colors are not used. I don’t know why
Excellent article…. but the headless priest thing could be kind of creepy…… but appropriate for Halloween! ;-)
The cassock was a daily garment for everyone centuries ago. So it was not necessarily ‘special’. It is still preserved today in a man’s suit coat. If you flip the collar and turn the lapels over to the center you will see a cassock (cut short for riding horses). So, we can suggest that even Baptist and Presbyterian preachers in their suit coats are wearing a short cassock.
That’s a great fun fact!
[…] is really called a processional. I thought it was all clergy because everyone was wearing a robe (vestments). Yet I found out that it was a mix of clergy and laypeople. The congregation was not bowing to a […]
I think Roman Catholics, back in the 1950’s and before, were using red for ordinations, and changed to white with the novus ordo. Anglicans retained the customary red, but did follow them in other changes, like using red for Holy Week, which for Romans and Anglicans alike had been the purple of Lent through Holy Week.
My lay minister’s “robe” is white, but I have a magenta satin neck piece 3 inch wide
“scarf” that comes to a V in front, with a Maltese cross hanging from it.
What is this piece called formally?